Crime Scene Forensics
Crime scene forensics implies all the methods that are used for gathering and analyzing evidences at a crime scene with the intention of solving the crime. The usual implication is in gathering evidences that can be counted as circumstantial evidence for later investigations. Circumstantial evidences are those that do not directly tell anything about the crime as a witness would, but just by being present on the scene of the crime, they point at certain things. Such as, the presence of a particular person's fingerprint at the scene of crime can indicate that the person has been present at the scene of crime too. Similarly, a blood stain or a strand of hair could give enough DNA to establish the presence of a particular person.
Identifying such circumstantial evidences and linking them to suspects is an important job for the forensic investigators to handle. Their job is more or less like that of a scientist who analyzes a chemical sample. However, with the help of the superior technology available today, it is much simpler to analyze such information and quickly link it with data present already.
An example is how the breathalyzer tests are conducted for DUI offenses in most parts of the world nowadays. First a breathalyzer test is taken with the normal procedure and then if the person is found guilty of DUI, an SMS with their license number or other particulars is sent to headquarters. There, the information is instantly checked on the department's workstation and if the person's records are found, the officer comes to know instantly. This can be used to book people for repeat offenses, something that would have taken a lot of time in previous days.
Another important aspect of crime scene forensics today is the ability to store information in digital format. This takes up very little space and can actually used for making better analyses. We are not unfamiliar with how complete crime scenes are reconstructed using animation and even used as admissible argumentative devices in court. Among other things, this becomes an important accessory for lawyers to put their point across. Also, subtleties that can be overlooked during verbal discussion can be detected through such visual representation. Crime scene forensics relies heavily on computer forensics, though you can take that as a completely different subject. Computer forensics relates to gathering, preserving and analyzing data that is present on digital media, including computer hard disks, compact video disks, digital video disks, cell phones and also websites and email accounts. When a digital medium such as a laptop or a cell phone is found on the scene of crime, first a data duplicator is used to make an exact clone of the information present on the medium, which can be used for chronicling the event. Later attempts for retrieval and analysis of data are done on the duplicate so that the original is not tampered with. Crime scene forensics definitely has an impact on the psychology of the people involved in the crime because they know that the results will be accurate. Hence, a high security environment is required when these forensics are conducted to ensure that there is no tampering with information before conclusive results are out.
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